Step-by-step guide

How to run the sock experiment

The whole test takes about fifteen minutes of work, spread over two months. Follow these steps and your results will be comparable with every other site in California.

  1. 1
    Gather your materials

    One clean, unused 100% cotton sock (check the label — any polyester or nylon will not break down). A trowel or spade, a marker flag or stake, and a phone camera.

  2. 2
    Photograph the sock before burial

    Lay the sock flat in good daylight on a plain surface and take one clear photo. This is your 'before' image — it's what makes your result comparable to everyone else's.

  3. 3
    Bury it 6–8 inches deep

    Dig a narrow trench, lay the sock flat and horizontal (not bunched up), then backfill and press the soil down firmly so there are no air pockets. Water the spot lightly if the soil is dry.

  4. 4
    Mark the spot and wait ~60 days

    Flag or stake the location and note the date. Sixty days is the standard window — shorter experiments are still welcome, but they aren't directly comparable to full-length ones.

  5. 5
    Dig it up carefully

    Excavate around the sock rather than pulling on it, since decomposed cotton tears easily. Gently shake or rinse off loose soil — don't scrub, or you'll destroy the evidence.

  6. 6
    Photograph the 'after' sock

    Same setup as before: flat, plain background, good daylight. Try to match the angle of your first photo so the two images line up visually.

  7. 7
    Submit your results

    Upload both photos, set your burial and recovery dates, estimate how much of the sock decomposed, choose your location visibility, and add any observations.

Common mistakes to avoid
  • Using a blended sock — anything but 100% cotton won't decompose properly.
  • Burying it too shallow or too deep; 6–8 inches is where most biology lives.
  • Bunching the sock into a ball, which limits soil contact.
  • Forgetting the 'before' photo, or shooting it in poor light.
  • Scrubbing the recovered sock, which removes the decomposition you're measuring.
  • Losing the spot — always flag or stake it.

Reading your results

0–25% gone
Low activity

Little biological breakdown. Often compacted, very dry, or low in organic matter.

25–75% gone
Moderate activity

A working soil food web. Typical for many gardens and managed landscapes.

75–100% gone
High activity

Very biologically active soil, usually rich in organic matter and moisture.

Results vary with climate, season, and moisture, so a lower number isn't a failure — it's data. Every submission makes the statewide picture sharper.

Finished your 60 days?

Add your photos and put your site on the map.